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Unity in Diversity: Re-fixing Nigeria through Socio-cultural Differences

By: Abdulmalik Adetola Lawal

June 18, 2021

Nigeria has a population of 192 million people, making it the seventh most populous country in the world. The capital city is Abuja, located in the Nation's center, while Lagos is the most populated and country's economic hub. Spoken languages are English (official), Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba.  Nigeria has about 250 different ethno linguistic groups.

Nigeria is a place of differences. It is what makes us both beautiful and fascinating.  Perhaps it is hard to comprehend how so many variations can exist in a single place.

However, being characterized by differences does not pose a disadvantage in any way; instead, it presents opportunities for Nigerians to maximize the diversity as a gift for national development, with over 250 tribes spread across the 36 states in the nation, differences in dressing, food, customs, norms and values are other of the day. 

Culture as one distinct quality has been falling short, contributing to its uneven development and proliferation in despicable acts. Nigeria, afflicted with hardships, is seen as a factor for the rise in social vices, which is therefore affiliated to a particular tribe or ethnic group.

This article aims to recommend ways of rebuilding Nigeria through its socio-cultural differences, which have been the main factor for the country's underdevelopment.  And, of course, looking at it critically, "ethnic differences" could serve as a tool for rebuilding herself. 

Below-listed are several ways to achieve Unity and even development in diversity;

Socio-Cultural Interaction:  

Culture and historic interactions are keys for achieving sustainable development. The culturally sensitive urban environment approach promotes social cohesion and cultural pride through participation in the local community and urban spaces.

Understanding and considering the cultural aspect of society is critical to adapting development approaches to local contexts and ensuring successful outcomes. Artistic rights, heritage, cultural identity, cultural life, and the integration of cultural expression, encapsulated in interactions, are fundamental realities and essential tools which stimulate dialogue and provide legitimacy for collective and participatory governance. 

Cultural rehabilitation and conference are crucial for stabilization and sustainable development. The integration of artistic expression is a vital tool in stimulating dialogue. National Conference involves people of different cultural milieu, where the idea is share on various issues facing the Nation. And Coming together with a robust solution might also serve as an integrated means for National development and Unity. 

Marrying of Natural Resources:  

Nigeria as a country is known as a land blessed with natural resources, not just in a single region but all over the regions. This, therefore, could be a significant measure to fix the country. For instance, Northern Nigeria is blessed with sizeable agricultural production and some specific products unavailable in other regions. Southern Nigeria is bestowed with oil and gas, salt, coal, iron ore, and many more, while western Nigeria with gold, bitumen, coal, lead limestone, and iron zinc. Suppose these numerous natural resources are bind together for trade or exportation, rather than individualistic management. In that case, Nigeria will be the most significant trade market in history and lessen the poverty rate. Thereby, foster Unity and rapid development. 

Teaching Ethnographical and Ethnological Studies in Schools:

Education as a tool is a critical way of inculcating an idea and teaching people. It will enlighten people and widen their horizons, which in the long run changes people's psychological predisposition and affects their social and mental behavior and interaction with people. Ethnography is the systematic and scientific investigation of the ways of life of a people. Ethnography is "the account of a particular community, society or culture." Ethnology, on the other hand, is the comparative analysis of cross-cultural accounts. This is to identify similarities and differences to ascertain changes and developments that have taken place across various Nigerian cultures over time and space. With this,  cultural differences could be taught in school. And it may enhance the positive orientation of one culture and another, which will, in turn, foster peaceful co-operation of people with different backgrounds and improve positive interactions amongst people in the country. 

In an interview with Eniola Abdulroqeeb Arowolo—a student and poet—he said, “As a Yoruba, I think there are many ways the government can consider to eliminate tribalism. One—which I think is mandatory—is the ability to orientate people of different ethnic backgrounds to have a sense of nationalism, i.e., believing that we are all one as a nation. I shouldn’t see an Igbo or Hausa as somewhat inferior, devious, or heinous to me. Another is qualitative education that teaches this mentality. However, this education begins from homes where parents acknowledge the fact that all humans are equal and by instilling these moral values in their children." 

According to Sulaiman Tajudeen, speaking from Hausa's perspective,  "Although the government has created the National Youth Service Corps to unite people from different ethnic groups, it is not working. Various cultures should be added to compulsory subjects in schools to orient the similarities and cultural diversities. " he stated.

With these recommendations, Nigeria can once come together again through these cultural similarities and differences. 

There's a silver lining and a brighter future for us. It will create nothing but a strong country with solid love, fair dealing, positive interaction, and resourceful social and cultural contribution. While also redefining Africa as a Giant.